User interface design

or user interface engineering is the design of computers, appliances, machines, mobile communication devices, software applications, and websites with the focus on the user's experience and interaction. Where traditional graphic design seeks to make the object or application physically attractive, the goal of user interface design is to make the user's interaction as intuitive as possible—what is often called user-centered design. Where good graphic/industrial design is bold and eye catching, good user interface design is to facilitate finishing the task at hand over drawing attention to itself. Graphic design may be utilized to apply a theme or style to the interface without compromising its intuitive usability. The intuitiveness of an interface may depend on symbology from an artistic perspective as much as functionality from a technical engineering perspective.

User Interface design is involved in a wide range of projects from computer systems, to cars, to commercial planes; all of these projects involve much of the same basic human interaction yet also require some unique skills and knowledge. As a result, user interface designers tend to specialize in certain types of projects and have skills centered around their expertise, whether that be software design, user research,

web design

, or industrial design.

The term is currently criticized because its focus is more narrow than the overall user experience. Too much concentration on the technical aspects of user interface distracts the designer from the overall activity (see Activity theory) and real goals of users.[1] Nevertheless, while the terms are often discussed in methodological disputes, the activities behind them are much the same.

Most

web site builders

are proprietary tools provided by web hosting companies which cater to people who wish to build their own websites without learning the technical aspects of web page production. The person who wishes to use the website builder typically signs up with the company -- most offer free trial periods -- and chooses the design that best suits his or her purpose. Some companies' tools allow the user to see the source code, that is, the HTML behind the page he is building. Many do not, meaning that only certain designated areas on the page can be modified. Usually, these areas are: headers, text and some graphic elements.

Web Safe colors

are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors.

Authors of web pages have a variety of options available for specifying colors for elements of web documents. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet); they may also be specified according to their common English names in some cases. Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to generate color values.

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 color names as the basis for their color lists, as both started as X Window System applications.

Web colors have an unambiguous colorimetric definition, sRGB, which relates the chromaticities of a particular phosphor set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions. These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world monitors and viewing conditions, so that even without color management rendering is fairly close to the specified values. However, user agents vary in the fidelity with which they represent the specified colors. More advanced user agents use color management to provide better color fidelity; this is particularly important for Web to print applications.

Another set of 216 color values is commonly considered to be the "web-safe" color palette, developed at a time when many computer displays were only capable of displaying 256 colors. A set of colors was needed that could be shown without dithering on 256-color displays; the number 216 was chosen partly because computer operating systems customarily reserved sixteen to twenty colors for their own use; it was also selected because it allows exactly six shades each of red, green, and blue (6 × 6 × 6 = 216).

The list of colors is often presented as if it has special properties that render them immune to dithering. In fact, on 256-color displays applications can set a palette of any selection of colors that they choose, dithering the rest. These colors were chosen specifically because they matched the palettes selected by the then leading browser applications. Fortunately, there were not radically different palettes in use in different popular browsers.

"Web-safe" colors had a flaw in that, on systems such as X11 where the palette is shared between applications, smaller color cubes (5x5x5 or 4x4x4) were often allocated by browsers — thus, the "web safe" colors would actually dither on such systems. Better results were obtained by providing an image with a larger range of colors and allowing the browser to quantize the color space if needed, rather than suffer the quality loss of a double quantization.

As of 2007, personal computers typically have at least 16-bit color and usually 24-bit (TrueColor). Even mobile devices have at least 16-bit color, driven by the inclusion of cameras on cellphones. The use of "web-safe" colors has fallen into practical disuse, but persisted in culture.

The web-safe palette system persists as being the palette with the greatest number of distinct colors, where each color can be distinguished individually by human eyes. This led to the use of

web-safe colors

in anti-phishing systems.

The "web-safe" colors do not have names, but each can be specified by an RGB triplet. Below are the values for the 6 shades of each color out of 256 possible color shades.

Greeting Card Design

is an illustrated, folded card featuring an expression of friendship or other sentiment. Although greeting cards are usually given on special occasions, such as birthdays, Christmas or other holidays, they are also sent to express thanks or other care. Greeting cards, usually packaged with an envelope, come in a variety of styles and are manufactured as well as handmade by hundreds of companies, big and small. These days, greeting cards with die-cuts or glued on decorations may cost up to five dollars each.

Hallmark Cards and American Greetings are the largest producers of greeting cards in the world. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that one billion pounds are spent on greeting cards every year, with the average person sending 55 cards per year.[1]

In the United States, many adults traditionally mail

Christmas cards

to their friends and relatives in December. Many service businesses also send cards to their customers in this season, usually with a universally acceptable non-religious message such as "happy holidays" or "seasons's greetings".

Standard Greeting Cards A standard greeting card is printed on high-quality paper (such as card stock), and is rectangular and folded, with a picture or decorative motif on the front. Inside is a preprinted message appropriate to the occasion, along with a blank space for the sender to add a signature or handwritten message. A matching envelope is sold with the card. Some cards and envelopes feature fancy materials, such as gold leaf, ribbons or glitter.

Standard types of greeting-card messages include:

* Anniversaries: happy birthday, wedding anniversary
* Holidays: generic or specific holiday — merry Christmas, happy New Year, Hanukkah, etc.
* Life events: congratulations on graduation, baby shower, wedding
* Sympathy: get well, condolences for loss of loved one
* Personal sentiments: thank you, I'm sorry, thinking of you, friendship, love

Photo Greeting Cards In recent years, photo greeting cards have gained wide-spread popularity and come in two main types. The first type are photo insert cards in which a hole has been cut in the center. Your photo slides in just like a frame. The second type are printed photo cards in which the photo is combined with artwork and printed, usually on a high-end digital press, directly onto the face of the card. Both types are most popular for sending holiday greetings such as Christmas, Hanukkah & for baby showers.

Pictures and printed messages in greeting cards come in every style imaginable, from fine art to humorous to profane. Non-specific cards, unrelated to any occasion, might feature a picture (or a pocket to paste in a personal photograph) but no preprinted message.

E-card Designs

is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials. E-cards are made available by publishers usually on various Internet sites, where they can be sent to a recipient, usually via e-mail.

E-cards are digital "content", which makes them much more versatile than traditional greeting cards. For example unlike traditional greetings, e-cards can be easily sent to many people at once or extensively personalized by the sender. Conceivably they could be saved to any computer or electronic device or even viewed on a television set, however E-card digital content has not yet progressed as far as digital video or digital audio in terms of varied usage.

Flash Animation

This type of e-card is based on two-dimensional vector animation controlled with a scripting language. The format is proprietary to Adobe, however, widespread usage of Adobe's software allows this type of card to be easily viewed on most of today's computers. The recipient sees an animated short usually 15-30 seconds in duration. The animation often appears to have a cartoon style due to the nature of the content, however, some Flash creations can be quite sophisticated and realistic. A sound track usually accompanies the animation which may contain speech or music.

Flash animated greeting cards can include interactivity, for example, asking the viewer to choose a picture to animate, however, most Flash e-cards are designed to convey the sentiment of the sender through simple observation.

Flash animated cards are offered today by almost all major e-card publishers and are consequently the most common format used.

Brochure Design

or pamphlet is a leaflet advertisement. Brochures may advertise locations, events, hotels, products, services, etc. They are usually succinct in language and eye-catching in design. Direct mail and trade shows are common ways to distribute brochures to introduce a product or service. In hotels and other places that tourists frequent, brochure racks or stands may suggest visits to amusement parks and other points of interest.

The two most common brochure styles are single sheet and booklet forms.

The most usual single-sheet brochures are known as bi-folds (a common single sheet, printed on both sides, folded into halfs), and tri-folds (the same, but folded into thirds). Bi-fold brochures result in four panels (two panels each side), while tri-folds result in six panels (three panels each side).

Other folder arrangements are possible: the accordion or "Z-fold" method, the "C-fold" method, etc. Larger sheets, such as those with detailed maps or expansive photo spreads, are folded into four, five, or six panels.

Booklet brochures are made of multiple sheets most often saddle stitched (stapled on the creased edge) or "perfect bound" like a paperback book, and result in eight panels or more.

Brochures are often printed using four color process on thick gloss paper to give an initial impression of quality. Businesses may turn out small quantities of brochures on a computer printer or on a digital printer, but offset printing turns out higher quantities for less cost.

Compared with a flyer or handbill, a brochure usually uses higher-quality paper, more color, and is folded.

Professional Web Designer

creates exceptional and Professional websites. We work from concept to completion — building websites that are unique, clean, and focused the needs of our clients. Whether you need a new web presence or want to rework your existing site,

Professional Web Designer

has the experience in design and development to create a best solution for your business.

Philadelphia website design should not only look good but it should load fast and be very easy to use. We provide the highest quality creative solutions using the latest tools and techniques to bring your company's vision to the digital space. Through compelling aesthetic website design and the addition of rich media, our Philadlephia website design experts can take your user's interactive experience to a new level. Professional Web Designer is based in Montgomery County a suburb of Philadelphia. Let us be your complete provider of Philadelphia website design.

Web design with easy-to-use approach. Professional Web Designer, full service Philadelphia based website design company, is dedicated to helping small and medium sized businesses succeed online. We offer professional, affordable web design and development services along with friendly customer service at great rates. We can design (or redesign) every aspect of your site, from graphic design and information architecture to complete website development. We have state-of-art hosting facility that is available to you at affordable prices.

We're a Philadelphia web site design company that produces results.

Philadelphia companies find Search Engine Optimization (SEO) the fastest, most cost-effective way to draw online traffic. We have seen traffic increase using our reputable, best-practice SEO techniques.

Professional Web Designer Based just outside Philadelphia, We offers a full range of Web solutions utilizing Best Practices for Web Development. Starting with discovery, a strategic Internet plan is developed based on your organizational goals, and the website development process includes information architecture, graphic Web design, database development, custom programming and stringent usability testing.

Our services bring bottom-line focus to maximize the effectiveness of Internet-based. Professional Web Designer specializes in providing, professional web site design, web design maintenance, e-commerce, and search engine optimization services. Our clients appreciate the low cost infrastructure and just-in-time staffing approach that assures they receive expert service at the lowest possible cost.

A small business may be defined as a business with a small number of Philadelphia employees. The legal definition of "small" often varies by country and industry, but is generally under 100 employees in the United States while under 50 employees in the European Union (In comparison, the American definition of mid-sized business by the number of employees is generally under 500 while 250 is for that of European Union). These businesses are normally privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.

However, other methods are also used to classify small companies, such us annual sales (turnover), assets value or net profit (balance sheet), alone or in a mixed definition. This criteria is followed by the European Union, for instance (headcount, turnover and balance sheet totals).

Based just outside Philadelphia, Advance Design Interactive offers a full range of Professional Web designs and solutions utilizing Best Practices for Web Development. Starting with discovery, a strategic Internet plan is developed based on your organizational goals, and the website development process includes graphic Web design, logo design, banner design, flash animations, custom programming.

Philadelphia Web Site Design is a new Web Directory dedicated to helping small businesses of the Philadelphia and Pennsylvania region better understand and apply winning Internet marketing strategies. We aim to helping hand in the often confusing worlds of Web Design.

Professional web designer is a Philadelphia Web Design and Development and Search Engine Optimization Company. We focus on Web design and development and Web site marketing services that will generate new business and increase your overall ROI.

PageRank is a probability distribution used to represent the likelihood that a person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page. PageRank can be calculated for any-size collection of documents. It is assumed in several research papers that the distribution is evenly divided between all documents in the collection at the beginning of the computational process. The PageRank computations require several passes, called "iterations", through the collection to adjust approximate PageRank values to more closely reflect the theoretical true value.

A probability is expressed as a numeric value between 0 and 1. A 0.5 probability is commonly expressed as a "50% chance" of something happening. Hence, a PageRank of 0.5 means there is a 50% chance that a person clicking on a random link will be directed to the document with the 0.5 PageRank.

Assume a small universe of four web pages: A, B, C and D. The initial approximation of PageRank would be evenly divided between these four documents. Hence, each document would begin with an estimated PageRank of 0.25.

If pages B, C, and D each only link to A, they would each confer 0.25 PageRank to A. All PageRank PR( ) in this simplistic system would thus gather to A because all links would be pointing to A.

But then suppose page B also has a link to page C, and page D has links to all three pages. The value of the link-votes is divided among all the outbound links on a page. Thus, page B gives a vote worth 0.125 to page A and a vote worth 0.125 to page C. Only one third of D's PageRank is counted for A's PageRank (approximately 0.083).

In other words, the PageRank conferred by an outbound link L( ) is equal to the document's own PageRank score divided by the normalized number of outbound links (it is assumed that links to specific URLs only count once per document).

In the general case, the PageRank value for any page u can be expressed as:

,

i.e. the PageRank value for a page u is dependent on the PageRank values for each page v out of the set B_u (this set contains all pages linking to page u), divided by the number L(v) of links from page v.

PageRank is a link analysis algorithm that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web, with the purpose of "measuring" its relative importance within the set. The algorithm may be applied to any collection of entities with reciprocal quotations and references. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given element E is also called the PageRank of E and denoted by PR(E).

PageRank was developed at Stanford University by Larry Page (hence the name Page-Rank) and later Sergey Brin as part of a research project about a new kind of search engine. The project started in 1995 and led to a functional prototype, named Google, in 1998. Shortly after, Page and Brin founded Google Inc., the company behind the Google search engine. While just one of many factors which determine the ranking of Google search results, PageRank continues to provide the basis for all of Google's web search tools.

The name PageRank is a trademark of Google. The PageRank process has been patented. The patent is not assigned to Google but to Stanford University.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the volume and quality of traffic to a web site from search engines via "natural" ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results. Usually, the earlier a site is presented in the search results, or the higher it "ranks", the more searchers will visit that site. SEO can also target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, and industry-specific vertical search engines.

As a marketing strategy for increasing a site's relevance, SEO considers how search algorithms work and what people search for. SEO efforts may involve a site's coding, presentation, and structure, as well as fixing problems that could prevent search engine indexing programs from fully spidering a site. Other, more noticeable efforts may include adding unique content to a site, ensuring that content is easily indexed by search engine robots, and making the site more appealing to users. Another class of techniques, known as Black Hat SEO or spamdexing, use methods such as link farms and keyword stuffing that tend to harm search engine user experience. Search engines look for sites that employ these techniques and may remove their listings.

Open Source Web Design is a collection of free web designs submitted by the community.

Open Web Design was later sold to Shahvez Fazail (Shay). After Shay purchased the site, ads started appearing in designs. Designers disliked the ads because they weren't put in by the original designers, downloaders thought that ads were put there by designers, and the ad's HTML broke the validation on otherwise W3C valid designs. After someone posted about it in the forums, they were removed for an 'upgrade'.

After the split, for several months, OSWD went without a single update. This led to a majority of the remaining members to switch over to Open Web Design. Users that remained quickly grew annoyed with the continued lack of updates and design approvals. This led to creation of countless posts that expressed anger, annoyance, and various forms of disrespect. Due to this, Francis shut down the forums and removed all indications of when the site had last been updated.

A Web design program is a computer program used to create, edit, and update web pages and websites. The purpose of such a program is to make it easier for the designer to work with page and site elements through a graphical user interface that displays the desired results, typically in a WYSIWYG manner, while removing the need for the designer to have to work with the actual code that produces those results (which includes HTML or XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, and others). Examples of a web design program are Macromedia Dreamweaver, which is a commercial program, and Amaya, which is an open source program.

JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. It is a dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based language with first-class functions. Currently, "JavaScript" is an implementation of the ECMAScript standard.

JavaScript was influenced by many languages and was designed to have a similar look to Java, but be easier for non-programmers to work with. The language is best known for its use in websites (as client-side JavaScript), but is also used to enable scripting access to objects embedded in other applications.

Slicing is the process of converting a web layout (also known as a web template), perhaps from such graphics programs as Adobe Photoshop or Jasc Paint Shop Pro, into HTML or XHTML and CSS. It is part of the client side coding process of creating a web page and/or web site.

Slicing is used in almost all cases where a graphic web layout is used for a website. Therefore, this is a very important skill that comes into play in the beginning stages. Slicing may range from simply breaking up a larger image for the header area of a website to a full scale, high graphic layout.

Slicing has a well known reputation to be able to be performed in several different ways, with several different approaches and coding styles. The modern method of slicing a layout includes an extensive use of CSS and semantic markup, as opposed to the aged process of using tables. Arguably, tables often take less time to recreate the web layout in a web page, but it has been proven that using the modern method of XHTML and CSS provides a more efficient foundation for further development and page load time.

Web design is a process of conceptualization, planning, modeling, and execution of electronic media content delivery via Internet in the form of Markup language suitable for interpretation by Web browser and display as Graphical user interface (GUI).

Dynamic pages adapt their content and/or appearance depending on end-user’s input/interaction or changes in the computing environment (user, time, database modifications, etc.) Content can be changed on the client side (end-user's computer) by using client-side scripting languages (JavaScript, JScript, Actionscript, etc.) to alter DOM elements (DHTML). Dynamic content is often compiled on the server utilizing server-side scripting languages (Perl, PHP, ASP, JSP, ColdFusion, etc.). Both approaches are usually used in complex applications.

Websites are written in a markup language called HTML, and early versions of HTML were very basic, only giving websites basic structure (headings and paragraphs), and the ability to link using hypertext. This was new and different to existing forms of communication - users could easily navigate to other pages by following hyperlinks from page to page.

Tableless Web design (or tableless web layout) is a method of web design and development without using HTML tables for page layout control purposes. Instead of HTML tables, style sheet languages such as CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are used to arrange elements and text on a web page. CSS was introduced by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to improve web accessibility and to make HTML code semantic rather than presentational.

HTML was originally designed as a semantic markup language intended for sharing scientific documents and research papers online. However, as the Internet expanded from the academic and research world into the mainstream in the mid 1990s, and became more media oriented, graphic designers sought for ways to control the visual appearance of the Web pages presented to end users. To this end, tables and spacers (usually transparent single pixel GIF images with explicitly specified width and height) have been used to create and maintain page layout.

Conversion to tableless web design has been slow also because of table to layer/css conversion software. HTML editors such as Adobe Dreamweaver can convert tables to layers back and forth. Though this would ease the conversion a little, complications exist in the exactness of the conversion. The centering of tables centers them on the page, but the centering of layers together on different screen resolutions requires some tinkering.